1/17/2024 0 Comments Permanova normalize or rarifyThese plant communities grow in semi-arid tropical climates with summer rainfall and are known as the ‘Mexical’ in contraposition to the ‘Chaparral’ from California and Baja California, developing under Mediterranean climate. We also found it in the form of the sclerophyllous evergreen scrublands occurring in the leeward slopes of the main Mexican mountain ranges under tropical climate (Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental, Eje Neovolcánico and Oaxaca mountains), in an elevational range approximately from 1900 to 2600 meters above sea level (m asl). Currently, relictual patches of this ecosystem type are found in the five Mediterranean areas under Mediterranean climate. Paleontological evidence indicates that evergreen-sclerophylous Mediterranean-like vegetation originally existed in a belt around North America and Eurasia where the climate was wet and warm during the mid-Eocene. This will foreseeably cause a new composition of species and a new scenario of interactions, the adjustment of which still leaves many unknowns to solve. Species occupying mid and lower elevations are likely to extend their range of elevational distribution towards higher ranges. In a global warming scenario, as temperatures increases, species with cold preferences, occupying the highest part of the elevation gradient, are likely to suffer negative consequences (even extinction risk), if they are not flexible enough to adjust their physiology and/or some life-story traits to warmer conditions. Bee community composition changed strongly along elevation gradient, mainly in relation to temperature and flower density. Interestingly, and contrary to previous works, we obtained a different pattern for bee richness and bee abundance. Bee abundance had no significant pattern along elevational gradient, but shows a significant relationship with flower density. Our results highlight that elevation gradient negatively affects bee species richness and that this relationship is strongly mediated by temperature. Our main objective is to make a first insight into the taxonomic identity of the bee fauna that inhabits this biome, and to study how it is distributed along the elevational gradient that it occupies. For instance, nothing is known about pollinator fauna of this vegetation. The Mexical remains one of the least studied ecosystems in Mexico. This puts it at risk of extinction in a scenario of global warming in which an upward retraction of this type of vegetation is expected. This biome occupies an elevational range approximately from 1900 to 2600 meters above sea level, which frequently is the upper-most part of the mountains range. ‘Mexical’ scrubland is a sclerophyllous evergreen Mediterranean-like vegetation occurring in the leeward slopes of the main Mexican mountain ranges, under tropical climate.
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